![]() Thus, these condensers are most suitable for modern thermal power plants. But these capital costs can be recovered by the improved thermal efficiency (i.e. ![]() On the other hand, surface condensers are bulky, requires large area and high capital costs. In comparison to jet condensers, in surface condensers a high vacuum can be maintained, therefore greater thermal efficiency can be achieved. Since the cooling water and steam do not mix, the condensate is recovered and any kind of cooling water can be used. The condensate collected from these condensers is reused as feedwater in the boiler. cooling tower, river, sea, or cooling pond). The water gets warmed in the condenser is discharged into the cooling system (i.e. An air-cooled condenser is however, significantly more expensive and cannot achieve as low a steam turbine exhaust pressure (and temperature) as a water-cooled surface condenser. In thermal power plants, where cooling water is in short supply, an air-cooled condenser can be used. In general, there are two types of surface condensers: Titanium condenser tubes are usually the best technical choice, however titanium is very expensive material and the use of titanium condenser tubes is associated with very high initial costs. These tubes are usually made of stainless steel, copper alloys, or titanium depending on several selection criteria (such as thermal conductivity or corrosion resistance). The steam condenses when it comes in contact with the cold surface of the tubes and due to the heat transfer to cooling water by conduction and convection. The exhausted steam from the LP turbines is condensed by passing over tubes containing water from the cooling system. In surface condensers, there is no direct contact between the exhaust steam and the cooling water. The surface condenser is designed to condense and deaerate the exhaust steam from the main turbine and provide a heat sink for the turbine bypass system. In jet condensers there is direct contact between the exhaust steam and cooling water. Jet condensers (or mixing type condensers).Surface condensers (or non-mixing type condensers).The steam condensers are broadly classified into two types:
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